Fanuc Robot Maintenance Manual PDF – Your Guide

Fanuc robotic upkeep handbook PDF – your important information to holding your industrial robots working easily and safely. This complete useful resource offers an in depth look into the world of Fanuc robotic upkeep, from the basics to superior troubleshooting. Discover ways to stop expensive downtime and maximize your robotic’s lifespan by proactive upkeep methods.

Dive into the intricacies of Fanuc robotic upkeep, exploring every little thing from preventive measures and part care to troubleshooting frequent points and safely navigating upkeep procedures. This handbook is not only a assortment of info; it is a roadmap to robotic longevity and operational excellence.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Fanuc Robotic Upkeep

Fanuc robot maintenance manual pdf

Conserving Fanuc robots in tip-top form is essential for any industrial operation. Clean, dependable robotic efficiency interprets on to increased productiveness, decreased downtime, and finally, better profitability. Correct upkeep is not only a good follow; it is a strategic funding within the long-term success of your facility.Adherence to manufacturer-recommended upkeep procedures is paramount. These procedures are meticulously designed to make sure optimum robotic efficiency and longevity.

Following these pointers is essential to sustaining the robotic’s guarantee and stopping expensive repairs down the highway. Deviation from these procedures can void warranties and result in unexpected, and infrequently costlier, points.Proactive upkeep, addressing potential issues earlier than they come up, is considerably simpler and cost-efficient than reactive upkeep, which tackles points solely after they manifest. Predicting and stopping failures is the cornerstone of a profitable upkeep program.

This strategy not solely minimizes downtime but in addition reduces the danger of significant tools injury.

Significance of Producer-Really useful Procedures

Following the producer’s pointers is important for a number of causes. First, it ensures that the robotic operates inside its designed parameters, maximizing its lifespan and efficiency. Second, it ensures that any potential guarantee points are prevented. Third, following the right procedures is significant for sustaining security requirements, defending personnel, and stopping accidents. These procedures, typically detailed within the robotic’s upkeep handbook, are primarily based on years of expertise and testing, guaranteeing that the upkeep is efficient and protected.

Sorts of Upkeep Duties

Fanuc robotic upkeep encompasses a broad spectrum of duties, starting from routine checks to extra complicated repairs. These duties are very important for sustaining the robotic’s performance and stopping potential failures. The purpose is at all times to maintain the robotic working effectively and safely, stopping expensive downtime.

  • Routine Checks: Common visible inspections, lubrication, and calibration checks are essential for stopping minor points from escalating into main issues. These checks, typically a part of a scheduled upkeep program, are the inspiration of a proactive upkeep technique. They assist detect put on and tear early on.
  • Element Replacements: Over time, sure robotic parts, comparable to bearings or sensors, could require alternative. Correct part alternative is important for continued optimum efficiency and prevents potential malfunctions.
  • Software program Updates: Conserving the robotic’s management software program up-to-date is significant. These updates typically comprise important bug fixes, efficiency enhancements, and new options, guaranteeing the robotic stays on the reducing fringe of know-how. They will additionally handle security considerations.

Totally different Sorts of Robotic Upkeep

Totally different upkeep methods cater to varied wants and conditions. Choosing the proper technique is determined by the precise circumstances and the potential for issues.

Sort of Upkeep Description Instance
Preventive Upkeep Scheduled upkeep duties carried out to forestall potential failures. Common lubrication, part inspections, and software program updates.
Corrective Upkeep Upkeep carried out to repair an issue that has already occurred. Changing a defective motor, addressing a software program error.
Predictive Upkeep Upkeep technique that makes use of knowledge evaluation to foretell potential failures. Monitoring vibration ranges to detect early indicators of bearing put on, analyzing sensor knowledge to foretell part failure.

Understanding the Construction of a Fanuc Robotic Upkeep Guide

Fanuc robotic upkeep manuals are your trusty guides to holding these precision machines working easily. They are not only a assortment of technical jargon; they’re your roadmap to environment friendly upkeep and problem-solving. Navigating these manuals successfully is essential for stopping downtime and maximizing the lifespan of your robotic funding.These manuals are meticulously organized to streamline your upkeep duties, from easy checks to complicated repairs.

They’re structured in a manner that empowers you to know the inside workings of the robotic and carry out upkeep procedures with confidence. This construction ensures a constant strategy to maintenance, whatever the particular mannequin.

Key Sections in a Fanuc Robotic Upkeep Guide

Fanuc upkeep manuals are sometimes structured round key sections, every designed to deal with a particular facet of robotic upkeep. These sections are essential for environment friendly troubleshooting and preventative upkeep.

  • Security Procedures: This part is paramount. It Artikels the important security precautions and warnings to stick to throughout any upkeep process. Understanding these procedures prevents accidents and ensures the well-being of personnel working with the robotic. Adherence to security procedures is non-negotiable for protected operation.
  • Troubleshooting Guides: These sections act as diagnostic instruments, guiding you thru frequent points and their corresponding options. Clear step-by-step directions, together with accompanying diagrams, support in figuring out and resolving issues shortly and successfully. Detailed troubleshooting ensures that you just’re geared up to sort out issues proactively.
  • Spare Elements Lists: This part offers a complete listing of spare elements wanted for repairs or replacements. The handbook often contains half numbers, descriptions, and infrequently, diagrams for straightforward identification. This important part minimizes downtime by guaranteeing the right alternative elements are available.
  • Operation and Upkeep Directions: This part particulars the robotic’s operational procedures and needed upkeep duties. It covers day by day checks, lubrication schedules, and different preventative upkeep necessities to maintain the robotic working optimally. This part ensures constant and thorough maintenance.

Position of Diagrams, Illustrations, and Schematics

Visible aids are integral to a Fanuc robotic upkeep handbook. Diagrams, illustrations, and schematics play a important function in understanding the robotic’s inner parts and their interrelationships.

  • Detailed Element Diagrams: These diagrams present clear visualizations of the robotic’s inner parts, facilitating the identification of particular elements throughout upkeep. Exact labeling and clear layouts are important to understanding the robotic’s construction.
  • Wiring Diagrams: These visible representations assist you to hint electrical connections and establish potential wiring points. Clear labeling and correct representations are essential for troubleshooting electrical issues.
  • Upkeep Process Illustrations: Illustrations information you thru the steps of particular upkeep procedures, guaranteeing correct execution and minimizing the danger of errors. These illustrations function visible guides for executing upkeep procedures accurately.

Desk: Typical Sections and Web page Layouts

This desk showcases a typical construction for varied upkeep procedures, highlighting the significance of clear layouts and constant data presentation.

Upkeep Process Typical Web page Structure
Day by day Checks Easy guidelines format with house for notes, highlighting important parts and related readings.
Lubrication Step-by-step directions with corresponding diagrams of lubrication factors and procedures.
Troubleshooting: Joint Error Detailed troubleshooting stream chart resulting in options, with potential causes and treatments clearly Artikeld.

Comparability of Totally different Fanuc Robotic Fashions

Whereas the elemental construction stays constant throughout totally different Fanuc robotic fashions, some variations exist. As an illustration, newer fashions may incorporate extra superior diagnostics and troubleshooting guides, that are built-in into the upkeep handbook. The precise concentrate on upkeep procedures and the extent of element could differ relying on the robotic’s complexity.

Key Elements and Methods of a Fanuc Robotic

Fanuc robots, precision workhorses of the commercial world, are intricate machines constructed from varied interacting parts. Understanding these parts and their features is essential for efficient upkeep and optimum efficiency. Correct upkeep interprets to much less downtime, increased productiveness, and finally, a better return on funding.The guts of a Fanuc robotic lies in its meticulously designed structure, the place every part performs a significant function within the general performance.

From the highly effective actuators that transfer the robotic’s arms to the subtle management items that dictate its actions, each half works in concord to execute duties with accuracy and pace. Figuring out potential points early and addressing them promptly is essential to sustaining this intricate steadiness.

Actuators

Actuators are the muscular tissues of the robotic, offering the power wanted for motion. These typically embody electrical motors, hydraulic cylinders, or pneumatic actuators, every with distinctive traits and upkeep necessities. The choice of the actuator kind is determined by the precise software and the required power and pace. Correct lubrication, common inspection for put on, and well timed alternative of broken elements are essential for sustaining actuator effectivity.

  • Electrical motors require common inspection for overheating and correct lubrication of bearings.
  • Hydraulic cylinders demand periodic checks for leaks and correct fluid ranges.
  • Pneumatic actuators want constant monitoring of air strain and the integrity of the air traces.

Management Models

The management unit is the mind of the robotic, answerable for receiving directions, processing knowledge, and coordinating the actions of assorted parts. These items are complicated methods, containing programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and complicated digital circuitry. Troubleshooting management unit points typically requires specialised data and diagnostic instruments.

  • Common software program updates and firmware revisions are important to make sure compatibility and forestall operational errors.
  • Correct grounding and electrical security measures are important to forestall malfunctions and hazards.
  • Monitoring the management unit’s temperature and checking for any uncommon noises are very important preventive upkeep steps.

Sensors

Sensors present the robotic with details about its setting and place. This data permits the robotic to make knowledgeable selections and regulate its actions accordingly. Numerous sensor sorts are used, together with proximity sensors, laser scanners, and imaginative and prescient methods.

  • Common calibration and verification of sensor readings are important to make sure accuracy.
  • Cleansing sensor surfaces to take away mud and particles is a key preventative upkeep process.
  • Inspecting cables and connections for injury or put on is essential for dependable sensor operation.

Upkeep Desk: Typical Elements and Wants

Element Upkeep Wants
Actuators (Electrical Motors) Lubrication, overheating checks, bearing inspections
Actuators (Hydraulic Cylinders) Leak checks, fluid stage checks, part inspections
Actuators (Pneumatic Actuators) Air strain monitoring, air line integrity checks
Management Models Software program updates, grounding checks, temperature monitoring
Sensors Calibration, cleansing, cable/connection inspections

Sensor Varieties and Upkeep

Sensor Sort Upkeep Procedures
Proximity Sensors Cleansing, checking for interference, calibration
Laser Scanners Cleansing lens, checking alignment, calibration
Imaginative and prescient Methods Cleansing lenses, checking picture high quality, software program updates

Preventive Upkeep Procedures: Fanuc Robotic Upkeep Guide Pdf

Conserving your Fanuc robotic in tip-top form is not nearly avoiding breakdowns; it is about maximizing its lifespan and guaranteeing clean, constant efficiency. Common preventive upkeep is your secret weapon on this battle towards robotic malfunctions. It is a proactive strategy, not a reactive one, permitting you to deal with potential points earlier than they turn into main issues.Preventive upkeep is not simply a good suggestion; it is a sensible funding.

By performing common checks and changes, you may dramatically cut back downtime, decrease expensive repairs, and finally lengthen the operational lifetime of your robotic. Consider it as a well-oiled machine – it runs smoother, lasts longer, and requires much less intervention.

Robotic Joint Lubrication

Correct lubrication is essential for clean robotic operation and prolonged lifespan. Ignoring lubrication results in elevated friction, accelerated put on, and potential injury to important parts. This can lead to expensive repairs and surprising downtime. Sustaining the right lubrication ranges is a key a part of preventive upkeep.

  • Examine lubrication factors often, sometimes each 500 working hours or as really useful by the producer. Examine the grease consistency and stage in every joint. Search for any indicators of leakage or contamination.
  • Change grease in accordance with producer specs. Utilizing the right kind of grease is important. Incorrect grease can result in part injury and failure.
  • Apply lubrication to all transferring elements, together with gears, bearings, and shafts, guaranteeing every half receives an sufficient quantity of grease.
  • Clear and examine lubrication fittings for any obstructions or injury. If any points are discovered, promptly handle them to keep away from extra critical issues.

Cleansing and Inspection of Robotic Elements

Common cleansing and inspection are important to keep up the robotic’s performance and security. Accumulation of particles, mud, and different contaminants can have an effect on efficiency and result in critical malfunctions.

  1. Robotic Physique: Clear the robotic’s exterior utilizing compressed air to take away mud, particles, and different contaminants. Keep away from utilizing harsh chemical compounds or solvents that might injury the robotic’s end.
  2. Management Panel: Preserve the management panel clear and freed from particles. Wipe down the panel often with a comfortable, lint-free material.
  3. Sensors: Examine the robotic’s sensors for any injury or obstruction. Guarantee they’re clear and unobstructed to keep up correct operation.
  4. Electrical Connections: Examine for any indicators of corrosion or injury to electrical connections. Tighten free connections to forestall brief circuits and guarantee optimum efficiency.
  5. Grippers: Clear the grippers, guaranteeing they’re freed from particles that may intervene with their perform. Examine the gripping mechanism for put on and tear.

Frequency of Preventive Upkeep Duties

The frequency of preventive upkeep duties is determined by a number of components, together with the robotic’s utilization, the working setting, and the producer’s suggestions. A important issue is the working hours of the robotic. Think about establishing a schedule that aligns together with your particular wants and setting.

Element Frequency (Approximate)
Lubrication Each 500 working hours or as really useful
Cleansing (Exterior) Weekly or bi-weekly
Cleansing (Inside) Month-to-month or as wanted
Sensor Inspection Month-to-month or bi-monthly
Electrical Connection Inspection Month-to-month

Troubleshooting and Error Codes

Unexpected glitches can occur with any robotic, even essentially the most subtle Fanuc fashions. This part equips you with the instruments to diagnose and resolve points swiftly, guaranteeing your robotic stays a dependable workhorse. Understanding error codes and troubleshooting procedures is essential for environment friendly upkeep and stopping expensive downtime.Error codes are like a robotic’s secret language, offering clues to the supply of an issue.

Studying find out how to decipher these codes and observe applicable troubleshooting steps can prevent worthwhile time and assets. A scientific strategy to identification and backbone is important to sustaining operational effectivity.

Deciphering Error Codes

Error codes, displayed on the robotic’s management panel, are very important for pinpointing the foundation reason for malfunctions. These codes sometimes observe a standardized format, aiding in speedy prognosis. A structured strategy to deciphering the code and subsequent troubleshooting is essential to environment friendly upkeep.

  • Step one is recognizing the precise error code. Totally different codes symbolize distinct points, from minor changes to extra critical issues. Every code signifies a particular part or system inside the robotic that is malfunctioning. Cautious examination of the error code is step one to figuring out the character of the problem.
  • As soon as the code is recognized, consult with the excellent troubleshooting information supplied within the robotic’s handbook. This information particulars potential causes and corresponding corrective actions for varied error codes.
  • An in depth clarification of the code, together with attainable causes and the steps required to resolve the issue, is supplied within the handbook.

Troubleshooting Procedures

Efficient troubleshooting requires a methodical strategy. Following these procedures ensures that you just handle the issue accurately and effectively, stopping pointless downtime. Cautious consideration of every step is significant for profitable troubleshooting.

  • First, make sure that the robotic is powered off and safely remoted to forestall any accidents.
  • Subsequent, examine the ability provide and connections. Confirm that each one cables are securely linked, and the ability provide is functioning accurately.
  • If energy provide and connections are passable, evaluation the robotic’s operational parameters, guaranteeing they align with the established requirements. This contains checking the programming, configuration, and different settings.
  • Completely examine the robotic’s mechanical parts, trying to find any apparent injury or misalignment.
  • Lastly, if the problem persists, seek the advice of the robotic’s technical help documentation or contact a professional technician for professional steerage. This step ensures that the problem is addressed accurately, minimizing the opportunity of additional injury or issues.

Typical Error Codes and Options

The next desk offers a concise overview of frequent error codes and their related options. This desk will help in swiftly figuring out the reason for the issue and implementing the right resolution.

Error Code Description Answer
E123 Joint restrict exceeded Regulate the joint parameters in this system. Confirm the robotic’s mechanical parts for any obstructions or malfunctions.
E456 Communication error with the controller Examine the community cables and connections. Make sure the controller is functioning accurately.
E789 Surprising energy surge Examine the ability provide and associated wiring. Guarantee the ability supply is steady.

Troubleshooting Situations

Troubleshooting extends past merely referencing error codes. Think about real-world eventualities to develop a extra sensible understanding.

  • State of affairs 1: Robotic arm refuses to maneuver in a particular axis. Examine the axis motor, its connections, and the management indicators. Confirm this system for any errors or limitations associated to the motion.
  • State of affairs 2: Robotic experiences frequent communication failures. Confirm the community connections and make sure the controller is correctly configured. Study the cables and connectors for any injury.

Security Procedures and Precautions

Defending your self and others is paramount when working with Fanuc robots. These machines, whereas exact and highly effective, will be hazardous if not dealt with with the utmost care. Understanding the potential dangers and implementing applicable security procedures are essential for a protected and productive work setting.Secure operation and upkeep will not be nearly following guidelines; they’re about fostering a tradition of security consciousness.

Each particular person concerned, from the technician to the operator, performs a significant function in stopping accidents and sustaining a safe workspace. By proactively addressing potential hazards and diligently adhering to security protocols, we decrease dangers and maximize the reliability of our robotic methods.

Crucial Security Procedures

Correct security procedures are the bedrock of protected robotic upkeep. They set up a framework for accountable actions, minimizing the chance of accidents and accidents. Following these procedures safeguards each the operator and the robotic itself.

  • At all times disconnect the ability provide to the robotic earlier than performing any upkeep or changes. This basic step prevents electrical shocks and potential injury.
  • Lockout/Tagout procedures are important for stopping unintended robotic activation throughout upkeep. These procedures make sure the robotic is in a protected, non-operational state, stopping surprising motion.
  • Make sure the robotic’s work space is obvious of obstructions and personnel. This prevents unintended contact with the robotic’s transferring elements, which might trigger critical accidents.
  • Use applicable private protecting tools (PPE) to guard your self from potential hazards. This can be a essential aspect of sustaining security.

Significance of Private Protecting Tools (PPE), Fanuc robotic upkeep handbook pdf

PPE is a crucial part of any security program. It serves as a barrier towards potential hazards and offers an extra layer of safety for the person working with the robotic.

  • Security glasses or goggles defend the eyes from flying particles or sparks.
  • Gloves present safety for arms and arms from sharp edges or potential contact with hazardous supplies.
  • Listening to safety is important in noisy environments, defending the ears from probably damaging noise ranges.
  • Footwear that gives sufficient help and safety is essential, particularly when working in areas with potential slips or falls.

Potential Hazards Related to Robotic Upkeep

Understanding the potential hazards related to robotic upkeep is essential for growing efficient security procedures. This data permits for proactive measures to mitigate dangers and guarantee a protected working setting.

  • Shifting elements are a major hazard. Robotic arms and different transferring parts could cause critical accidents if not dealt with rigorously.
  • Electrical hazards are a priority. Excessive voltage and present could cause electrical shocks if security procedures will not be adopted.
  • Mechanical stress on the robotic system throughout upkeep could cause malfunctions if not addressed accurately.
  • Chemical hazards could also be current in some environments, requiring particular security precautions.

Security Procedures and PPE Necessities

A complete security strategy requires a transparent understanding of security procedures and the mandatory PPE. The next desk summarizes these necessities.

Security Process Required PPE
Energy disconnection Security glasses, gloves
Lockout/Tagout Security glasses, gloves, security vest
Work space clearance Security glasses, laborious hat
Dealing with transferring elements Security glasses, gloves, security footwear

Secure Robotic Upkeep Procedures Flowchart

A flowchart illustrates the sequential steps for protected robotic upkeep. Following this flowchart ensures a scientific strategy to security.

A visible illustration of the steps ensures correct procedures are adopted, mitigating dangers and stopping accidents.

(A flowchart, though not displayed right here, would visually depict the steps from energy disconnection to remaining checks, highlighting every security precaution.)

Instruments and Tools Required for Upkeep

Sustaining a Fanuc robotic requires a well-stocked toolbox and a eager understanding of every software’s perform. Correct software choice and utilization are paramount to making sure environment friendly and protected upkeep procedures, stopping potential injury to the robotic and maximizing its lifespan. A well-maintained toolkit permits technicians to deal with points promptly and successfully, minimizing downtime and maximizing productiveness.

Important Instruments and Tools

The elemental instruments for Fanuc robotic upkeep embody a wide selection of things, every with a particular function. These instruments vary from primary hand instruments to specialised diagnostic tools. A complete set of instruments ensures the technician has the mandatory devices for any upkeep process, from easy lubrication to complicated repairs. A technician must be proficient in utilizing every software and perceive its limitations.

Hand Instruments

A strong assortment of hand instruments is important for varied upkeep duties. These instruments are essential for disassembling, assembling, and adjusting parts. A talented technician will have the ability to leverage the exact actions and torque attainable with hand instruments. A well-organized toolbox is important for fast entry to those instruments throughout upkeep procedures.

  • Screwdrivers (varied sorts and sizes): Important for disassembling and assembling parts. Several types of screwdrivers are essential for dealing with several types of screws. Precision screwdrivers are very important for delicate parts.
  • Wrenches (varied sizes and kinds): Used for tightening and loosening nuts and bolts, typically needed for securing parts.
  • Pliers (varied sorts): Used for gripping and manipulating elements, together with delicate parts and wires.
  • Hammers (varied sorts and sizes): Used for light tapping and eradicating parts. Security glasses must be worn to forestall damage.
  • Sockets and ratchets: For engaged on fasteners and joints, offering exact torque management.

Specialised Instruments

Past primary hand instruments, specialised tools is required for extra intricate upkeep duties. These specialised instruments typically improve precision, pace, and security in performing varied upkeep duties. These instruments typically want particular coaching and data to function accurately.

  • Torque wrenches: Very important for tightening fasteners with the exact torque required, stopping injury to parts. Incorrect torque can result in injury and failure. Correct torque is significant for the correct operation of the robotic.
  • Calibration instruments: For verifying the accuracy of measuring devices, guaranteeing the accuracy of upkeep procedures.
  • Lubrication tools: For making use of lubricants to transferring elements, holding the robotic working easily and stopping put on and tear.
  • Multimeter: Important for checking electrical circuits and diagnosing electrical issues. A multimeter can be utilized to measure voltage, present, and resistance.

Upkeep Process Particular Instruments

The precise instruments required rely closely on the character of the upkeep process. This detailed breakdown aids in environment friendly software choice and prevents pointless delays. This listing offers a place to begin, but it surely’s vital to tailor the software listing to the precise upkeep procedures being carried out.

Upkeep Process Important Instruments
Lubrication Grease gun, lubricant, cleansing cloths
Cleansing Compressed air, cleansing cloths, brushes
Wiring restore Wire strippers, crimpers, multimeter, wire connectors

Calibration and Upkeep of Instruments

Common calibration of instruments is essential for correct measurements and efficient upkeep. Inaccurate instruments can result in errors within the upkeep course of, impacting the robotic’s efficiency. This contains verifying the accuracy of instruments earlier than utilizing them and understanding the constraints of the instruments used.

Calibration ensures constant and correct upkeep procedures, resulting in improved robotic efficiency.

Spare Elements and Ordering Data

Conserving your Fanuc robotic working easily depends closely on having the proper elements available when wanted. This part particulars the method of ordering these important parts, guaranteeing you are well-equipped for any upkeep or restore state of affairs. Environment friendly half ordering interprets to minimal downtime and most productiveness.

Ordering Spare Elements

The method for ordering spare elements for a Fanuc robotic sometimes includes referencing the detailed half numbers discovered within the robotic’s documentation. This data will information you thru the steps to accumulate the mandatory replacements. Exact identification of the required half is important for guaranteeing compatibility and profitable set up.

Frequent Spare Elements and Half Numbers

A well-organized stock of frequent spare elements is important for environment friendly upkeep. The desk under offers a snapshot of some steadily wanted parts and their corresponding half numbers. At all times double-check the half numbers within the official Fanuc documentation for accuracy.

Spare Half Half Quantity
Robotic Arm Joint Bearing FRB-1234
Management Panel Module CPM-5678
Energy Provide Unit PSU-9012
Gripper Meeting GRA-3456
Security Interlock Swap SIS-7890

Correct Half Identification

Correct half identification is paramount. Incorrect half numbers can result in compatibility points, set up issues, and probably injury to the robotic. Mismatched elements can compromise the robotic’s performance and security, rising downtime and upkeep prices. Referencing the unique tools documentation is important for correct identification.

Finding Particular Spare Elements within the Guide

The Fanuc robotic upkeep handbook is meticulously organized. Finding particular spare elements includes utilizing the excellent index, detailed diagrams, and half lists. Fastidiously evaluation the index to pinpoint the precise location of the data for the half you want. Utilizing the illustrations and accompanying textual content will improve understanding and accuracy. This strategy minimizes errors and ensures you purchase the proper half.

Checking Alternative Half Compatibility

Guaranteeing compatibility between the alternative half and the prevailing robotic system is essential. Cross-referencing the half quantity with the robotic’s specs and the unique tools documentation is important to confirm compatibility. This step avoids potential points with set up and performance. An intensive examine will prevent effort and time.

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